Recently in class, a participant asked me if she could replace using treats to motivate her dog with praise for the behaviors they were learning. This question, or variations of it, is common among dog trainers who use food as a reinforcer.
While I appreciate owners questioning procedures, this particular question amuses and frustrates me. It frustrates me because it highlights a lack of generosity and empathy towards dogs (and others) when we expect them to change behavior without offering something of value in return.
Using food as a reinforcer is effective because it is a primary reinforcer—something dogs inherently desire and will work for to avoid hunger. Other primary reinforcers include water, mating, control of environment, and play/social interaction. Each of these reinforces behaviors we want from our dogs.
Where does praise fit in as a reinforcer? For some dogs, praise can be powerful, but usually because it’s been paired with a primary reinforcer like treats or play. Dogs learn to associate praise with something they value. No harsh consequences should follow praise; consistency is key.
Here’s an analogy: When your boss praises you for a job well done, it feels good. But if praise is the only feedback you receive without tangible rewards like recognition or salary increase, your motivation might diminish over time.
Research across various animal species, including dogs, confirms the importance of providing a reason (a reinforcer) for compliance. Punishment can also reinforce behavior, but it’s preferable to motivate through positive reinforcement rather than fear.
The good news is, dogs need to eat. Why not use their daily food to train them to be happy, obedient companions who willingly participate in activities like coming when called or waiting politely?
Using treats to reinforce behavior isn’t about buying love; it’s about creating a mutually beneficial relationship where both parties get something they want. Just as our significant others do things for us not just to be loved but because of the relationship benefits, dogs respond to incentives that make sense to them.
In summary, fostering a fair relationship with your dog involves rewarding desired behavior with what they value. This approach encourages dogs to engage happily with life and strengthens the bond between human and canine companions.